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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

BIO 1200 Lecture Outlines | BIO 1200 Course Resources | Mrs. Caley Opsal's Home | IVCC Home | Contact Mrs. Caley Opsal

 I. Anatomy

A. Respiratory Tracts

1. Upper

a. Nose
b. Pharynx
c. Larynx

2. Lower

a. Trachea
b. Bronchial tree
c. Lungs

B. Respiratory Mucosa

1. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
2. Goblet cells

C. Nose

1. Structure

a. Nasal septum
b. Mucous membrane lining

D. Sinuses

1. Bones (frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, maxilla)

2. Functions

a. Lightens the skull
b. Provides resonance chamber for speech
c. Drains mucus into the nasal cavity

E. Pharynx

1. Structure

a. Nasopharynx
b. Orophaynx
c. Laryngopharynx

2. Pharyngeal tonsils

3. Auditory (Eustachian) tubes

4. Mucous membrane lining

5. Functions

a. Common passageway for ______________ and _______________

b. Air passes through ____________________________________

c. Food passes through ______________________________

F. Larynx

1. Structure

a. Cartilage (hyaline)
b. Epiglottis (elastic cartilage)
c. Vocal chords

2. Functions

a. Voice production
b. Air passageway

G. Trachea

1. Structure

a. Tube
b. C-shaped cartilage

2. Function -

3. Obstruction

a. Heimlich maneuver

H. Bronchi, Bronchioles, and Alveoli

1. Structure

a. Plates of cartilage

b. Bronchioles have thick __________________ in their walls

c. Alveoli

Respiratory membrane

2. Functions

a. Bronchi and bronchioles 
b. Alveoli 

I. Lungs and Pleura

1. Structure

a. Lobes
b. Apex
c. Pleura

2. Function - gas exchange between air and blood

 II. Respiratory Physiology (respiration)

A. Mechanics of Breathing

1. Pulmonary ventilation

a. Inspiration - 

b. Expiration - 

2. Inspiration (active process)

a. Muscles

1. Diaphragm

2. External intercostals

3. Expiration (passive)

a. Elastic recoil of lungs

b. Muscles

1. Internal intercostals

2. Abdominal muscles

B. Exchange of Gases in the Lungs

1. Capillaries - oxygen diffuses into the blood

2. Hemoglobin -

a. Oxyhemoglobin -

b. Carbaminohemoglobin - 

3. Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the lungs

C. Exchange of Gases in the Tissues

1. Capillaries - oxygen diffuses from the blood into the tissues

2. Hemoglobin

a. Oxygen diffuses from the blood to tissues from oxyhemoglobin

b. Carbon dioxide is picked up by hemoglobin from the tissues

D. Spirometry

1. Spirometer - instrument used to measure volumes of air exchanged in breathing

2. Tidal volume (TV) -

3. Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) -

4. Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) -

5. Vital capacity = TV + ERV + IRV

E. Regulation of Respiration

1. Respiratory center of the Medulla

2. Pons

3. Pulmonary stretch receptors 

4. Hypoxia -

5. Apnea -

III. Diseases of the Respiratory System

A. Emphysema

B. Lung Cancer

Last Updated 05/26/06

BIO 1200 Lecture Outlines | BIO 1200 Course Resources | Mrs. Caley Opsal's Home | IVCC Home | Contact Mrs. Caley Opsal