Note about seminar: These questions are meant to be a good overview of unit one, but do not necessarily represent everything that may be covered in class. Compiling written answers to these objectives is an expectation of your seminar instructor. The answers will be discussed in detail and you will have an opportunity to contribute to seminar discussions by offering your answers as well as asking questions during this time. There is a strong possibility you will have frequent quizzes during seminar to reinforce the concepts covered throughout the semester. I hope you take advantage of this very important component of the course! :)
Ch. 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology
1. Define the terms anatomy, physiology, anatomical position,
and homeostasis. What is the difference between "gross" anatomy and
"microscopic" anatomy? Using an example,
describe what is meant by "negative feedback."
2. Define each of the following as "the study
of...": a) cytology; b) histology; c) renal physiology; d)
cardiac physiology; e) osteology; f) myology; g) neurology; h)
endocrinology; i) pathological physiology; and j) radiology
3. Name the organ systems of the body and describe one general function for each one. Study tip: Go to the biology lab and use a human torso to identify organs as you study and answer this question.
4. There are several internal chambers (body cavities) within the human body. Describe the major subdivisions of the ventral body cavity.
5. For each of the following organs: 1) Name the specific body cavity in which the organ is found; and 2) Name the organ system(s) to which it belongs: a) pancreas; b) adrenal gland; c) spleen; d) esophagus; e) cerebrum; f) appendix; g) ovaries; h) trachea; i) spinal cord; j) lungs; and k) heart.
6. It is critical for you to be able to speak the language of anatomy! Give an anatomical term (landmark; or adjective) to name each of the following body parts: a) forehead; b) eye; c) mouth; d) neck; e) cheek; f) armpit; g) arm; h) palm; i) navel; j) groin; k) thigh; l) loin (small of back); m) back of knee; n) sole of foot; o) wrist; (p) forearm; and q) back of elbow.
Ch. 2 The Chemical Level of Organization
7. It is important to have an understanding of chemical bonding
patterns when learning about certain aspects of cellular physiology. Why
is knowing the number of electrons in an atom's outer shell important to this
understanding? The web site linked below provides an interactive learning
experience on atoms:
http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigations/es0501/es0501page03.cfm?chapter_no=investigation
8. Elements are pure substances composed of only one type of atom. Give the name of the chemical element represented by each of the following symbols: C; H; O; P; K; I; N; S; Ca; Fe; Mg; Na; Cl (See Appendix II for the Periodic Chart of the Elements at the back of your text).
9. Give examples and general functions for each of the following groups of organic compounds: a) carbohydrates; b) lipids; c) proteins; and d) nucleic acids.
10. Compare and contrast DNA molecules and RNA molecules.
Ch. 3 Cell Structure and Function
11. Describe the general structure of the cell membrane. What specific part of the membrane is hydrophilic and what part is hydrophobic? What is the importance of the membrane proteins to the functioning of the cell?
12. With reference to membrane transport, distinguish between passive and active processes. Classify each of the following as either passive or active and give a definition of the process: a) diffusion; b) osmosis; c) filtration; d) facilitated diffusion; e) active transport; f) endocytosis; and g) exocytosis.
13. With reference to the process of osmosis, what effect would the following solutions have on red blood cells: (assume RBCs have a solute concentration of 0.9%)
A. distilled water
B. 0.9% saline solution (0.9% salt water)
C. 5% saline solution (5% salt water)*Note: Use the terms "isotonic", "hypertonic", and "hypotonic" to describe the above solutions.
14. In general, describe the processes of transcription and translation as they apply to the process of protein synthesis. Distinguish between mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA in terms of their functions. For an interactive tutorial on these processes, try the DNA Workshop at PBS.org:
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/dna/#
15. Name the four phases of mitosis, and one important characteristic for each. Study tip: Using pipe cleaners or making illustrations helps to learn this process! Also, check out the Martini web site for animations of mitosis at www.anatomyandphysiology.com.
CH. 4 The Tissue Level of Organization
*Note: There are several web sites with photomicrographs of the
tissues that would be helpful. They are linked from Mrs. Caley Opsal's
Online Science Resources
page.
16. Name the six types of epithelial tissue we are studying in lecture and lab, and give a location and general function for each type named (Study tip: make labeled drawings of each type to facilitate learning!).
17. Name the types of connective tissues we are studying in lecture and lab, and give a location and general function for each type named.
18. Name the three types of muscle tissue found in the body. Describe the general location and the general mechanism of control (voluntary or involuntary) for each of the three muscle tissue types.
Last Updated 08/14/08