THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

BIO 1007 Lecture Outlines | BIO 1007 Resources | Mrs. Caley Opsal's Home | IVCC Home | Contact Us

I. Skin - the major organ of the integumentary system
A. Layers

1. Epidermis

2. Dermis

3. Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer) - attaches dermis to underlying muscles and bones

B. Epidermis

1. Cell types

a. Keratinocytes

b. Melanocytes

2. Layers of the epidermis

a. Stratum Germinativum (Basale) - deepest layer; contains stem cells that divide by mitosis and give rise to newer cells as the old ones get pushed towards the top

b. Stratum Spinosum - cells connected by modifications of the cell membranes known as "desmosomes" which give the cells a spiny appearance

c. Stratum Granulosum - most cells are not dividing but producing proteins and enzymes

d. Stratum Lucidum - only present in thick skin; production of keratin occurs in these cells

e. Stratum Corneum - thickest layer of cells (all dead and contain large amounts of keratin)

3. Hair follicle

4. Sebaceous glands

5. Sweat glands

a. Merocrine or Eccrine types

b. Apocrine types

6. Skin color

a. Pigmentation

1. Carotene
2. Melanin

b. Dermal blood supply

1. "Flushing"
2. Cyanosis

7. The Epidermis and Vitamin D

a. Cholesterol-related steroid converted to vitamin D₃b. Vitamin D₃ converted to hormone calcitriol by kidneys for calcium and phosphorous absorption

C. Dermis

1. Dense CT (irregular)
2. Dermal papillae
3. Sense organs

a. Meissner's corpuscles

b. Pacinian corpuscles

4. Arrector pili muscle
5. Blood vessels and nerves

II. Functions of the Integument

A. Body Temperature Regulation
B. Protection
C. Vitamin D Synthesis
D. Cutaneous Sensation

III. Homeostatic Imbalances of the Integument

A. Burns

1. Dangers

a.__________________________________________

b. __________________________________________

2. Classification

a. First degree burns
b. Second degree burns
c. Third degree burns

3. Skin grafting

B. Cancers

1. Basal cell carcinoma

2. Squamous cell carcinoma

3. Malignant melanoma

ABCD rule of skin cancer:

A - _____________________________________

B - _____________________________________

C - _____________________________________

D - _____________________________________

Last Updated 05/26/06

BIO 1007 Lecture Outlines | BIO 1007 Resources | Mrs. Caley Opsal's Home | IVCC Home | Contact Us