BIO 1007 Lecture Outlines | BIO 1007 Resources | Mrs. Caley Opsal's Home | IVCC Home | Contact Us
Wherever 2 or more bones meet, it forms a joint (i.e.
articulation). Joints are important because they allow for movement. There are various
ways to classify joints. The 2 classification schemes we will consider in class are based
on structure and on function.
I. FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS (based on degree of movement allowed)
A. Synarthrosis - no movement allowed
B. Amphiarthrosis - slight movement allowed
C. Diarthrosis - freely movable (Note: all synovial joints are freely movable)
II. STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS (classification by function underlined for each)
A. Fibrous Joints
1. Syndesmosis (amphiarthrosis) - distal tibia with fibula, distal radius with ulna
2. Suture (synarthrosis) - flat bones of the skull
3. Gomphosis (synarthrosis) - teeth in their sockets
B. Cartilaginous Joints
1. Synchondrosis (synarthrosis) - epiphyseal plate (temporary joint); manubrium of sternum with first rib
2. Symphysis (amphiarthrosis) - intervertebral discs; symphysis pubis
C. Synovial Joints (all are diarthroses)
1. Ball and socket - hip; shoulder
2. Condyloid (Ellipsoidal)- between metacarpals 2-5 and proximal phalanges 2-5; distal radius with the carpals
3. Gliding- intercarpal and intertarsal joints; superior and inferior processes of adjacent vertebrae; sternocostal joints (ribs 2-7) and vertebrocostal joints; acromioclavicular joint
4. Hinge - knee; elbow; interphalangeal joints
5. Pivot - atlas with axis; proximal radius with radial notch of ulna
6. Saddle - trapezium with first metacarpal (thumb)
III. Joint Movements
flexion extension (hyperextension) dorsiflexion plantar flexion abduction adduction rotation circumduction supination pronation eversion inversion protraction retraction elevation depression
IV. Factors Influencing Joint Stability
A. Articular Surfaces of Bones
B. Ligaments
C. Muscle Tone
V. The Knee Joint
A. Lateral collateral ligament
B. Medial collateral ligament
C. Anterior cruciate ligament
D. Posterior cruciate ligament
E. Lateral meniscus
F. Medial meniscus
G. Patellar ligament
VI. Homeostatic Imbalances: Arthritis
A. Osteoarthritis
B. Rheumatoid arthritisC. Gouty arthritis
Last Updated 06/12/06