BIO 1007 Lecture Outlines | BIO 1007 Resources | Mrs. Caley Opsal's Home | IVCC Home | Contact Us
Terms to define:
atoms -
elements - pure substances
Ex:
molecules -
Ex:
compounds -
Ex:
Parts of an Atom:
1. nucleus -
2. protons -
3. neutrons -
4. electrons -
Atomic mass -
Atomic number -
ISOTOPES - All atoms of the same element possess the same number of protons and electrons, but they may vary in the # of neutrons in their nucleus. Atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic weights are called isotopes.
Some unstable isotopes release energy or "pieces" of their nucleus as they decompose. These unstable isotopes are called radioactive isotopes and can be used as a diagnostic tool and in cancer treatments (see Martini Applications Manual for more information).
CHEMICAL BOND FORMATION
Valence shells (or orbitals)
Maximum # electrons in the 1st shell =
Maximum # electrons in the 2nd shell =
Maximum # electrons in the 3rd shell =
An atom is considered stable or inert (chemically inactive) when its outermost shell is completely filled. Helium, with 2 electrons is an example.
Types of Chemical Bonds:
1. Ionic Bonds -
2. Covalent Bonds -
3. Hydrogen Bonds -
Types of Chemical Reactions:
1. Catabolism
2. Anabolism
3. Exchange
Also Reversible Reactions...
Two Basic Types of Compounds in Living Organisms:
1. Inorganic compounds
2. Organic compounds
Examples and Properties of Inorganic compounds:
A. Gases
1. Oxygen
2. Carbon dioxide
B. Solutions (water: H2O)
1. Most essential and abundant compound in the body
2. Important solvent
3. Serves as a medium for chemical reactions
C. Inorganic Acids and Bases
1. Acids -
HCl -->
2. Bases -
NaOH -->
3. pH -
a. pH scale ranges from zero to fourteen
b. 0 - 6.9 =
c. 7.0 =
d. 7.1 - 14 =
4. Buffers
a. Resist very strong changes in pH
b. Release H+ when the pH starts to ____?
c. "Grabs" onto excess H+ when the pH starts to ____?
D. Inorganic salts (electrolytes)
Ex: Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, PO4 3-
Classes of Organic Compounds and Their Importance:
A. Carbohydrates (sugars, starch)
1. Monosaccharides
2. Disaccharides
3. Polysaccharides
4. Functions of carbohydrates
a. Fuel
b. Cell markers
c. Part of nucleotides
B. Lipids (fats)
1. Fatty acids
2. Triglycerides
3. Steroids
4. Phospholipids
5. Functions of lipids
a. Storage
b. Cell membranes
c. Steroid hormones
C. Proteins (polymers amino acids)
1. Structure of an amino acid (building blocks of proteins)
a. Amino group
b. R group
c. Carboxyl group
2. Functions
3. Enzyme Action
D. Nucleic Acids (DNA, RNA - for more information, see the Cell handout)
1. Building blocks = nucleotides
2. DNA -
3. RNA -
E. High-energy Compounds
Ex: ATP
Last Updated 05/26/06
BIO 1007 Lecture Outlines | BIO 1007 Resources | Mrs. Caley Opsal's Home | IVCC Home | Contact Us